ZhЕЌngwГ©n ( дёж–‡) or the 'Chinese written language', refers to all written languages of Chinese (Sinitic). Since then, there have been efforts to reclaim the term 'national language' ( GuГіyЗ”) to encompass all 'languages of the nation' rather than exclusively referring to Standard Northern Mandarin.ДЄmong Chinese people, HГ nyЗ” ( жјўиЄћ ж±‰иЇ) or the ' Sinitic languages' refer to all language varieties of the Han people. In 20, the Taiwanese government introduced two laws to explicitly recognize indigenous Formosan languages and Hakka to be the ' Languages of the nation' ( ењ‹е®¶иЄћиЁЂ, note the plural form) along with Standard Northern Mandarin. In Taiwan, GuГіyЗ” (the national language) has been the colloquial term for Standard Northern Mandarin. GuГіyЗ” liГєxГng yД«nyuГЁ ( е›ЅиЇжµЃиЎЊйџід№ђ, colloquially Mandarin pop), GuГіyЗ” piДЃn or GuГіyЗ” diГ nyЗђng ( е›ЅиЇз‰‡/ е›ЅиЇз”µеЅ±, colloquially Mandarin cinema). Since 1949, usage of the word GuГіyЗ” was phased out in the PRC, only surviving in established compound nouns, e.g. His concern echoed within the Communist Party, which adopted the name Putonghua in 1955. Such concerns were first raised by Qu Qiubai in 1931, an early Chinese communist revolutionary leader. Usage of the term PЗ”tЕЌnghuГ (common tongue) deliberately avoided calling the language 'the national language,' in order to mitigate the impression of forcing ethnic minorities to adopt the language of the dominant ethnic group. The 2000 law defines PЗ”tЕЌnghuГ as the one and only 'Countrywide Spoken and Written Language'. The term has a strong connotation of being a 'legal requirement' as it derives its name from the title of a law passed in 2000. ' The Countrywide Spoken and Written Language' ( ењ‹е®¶йЂљз”ЁиЄћиЁЂж–‡е—) has been increasingly used by the PRC government since the 2010s, mostly targeting students of ethnic minorities. The term PЗ”tЕЌnghuГ ( ж™®йЂљи©± ж™®йЂљиЇќ) or the 'common tongue', is dated back to 1906 in writings by Zhu Wenxiong to differentiate Modern Standard Mandarin from classical Chinese and other varieties of Chinese.Д¬onceptually, the national language contrasts with the common tongue by emphasizing the aspect of legal authority. As early as 1655, in the Memoir of Qing Dynasty, Volume: Emperor Nurhaci ( жё…е¤ЄзҐ–еЇ¦йЊ„), it writes: '(In 1631) as Manchu ministers do not comprehend the Han language, each ministry shall create a new position to be filled up by Han official who can comprehend the national language.' In 1909, the Qing education ministry officially proclaimed Imperial Mandarin to be the new 'national language'. The term GuГіyЗ” ( ењ‹иЄћ е›ЅиЇ) or the 'national language', had previously been used by the Manchu-ruled Qing dynasty of China to refer to the Manchurian language. The term 'Mandarin' is a translation of GuДЃnhuГ ( е®и©± е®иЇќ, literally 'bureaucrats' speech'), which referred to Imperial Mandarin. The name Modern Standard Mandarin is used to distinguish it from its historic standard. Colloquially, it is imprecisely referred simply as Mandarin, even though that name may refer also to the Mandarin dialect group as a whole or its historic standard such as Imperial Mandarin. 3.1 Standard Chinese and the educational systemДЄmong linguists, Standard Chinese is known as Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin.1.2.2 Usage concern in a multi-ethnic nation.

It is an analytic language, albeit with many compound words. Compared with southern Chinese varieties, the language has fewer vowels, final consonants and tones, but more initial consonants.

Like other Sinitic languages, Standard Chinese is a tonal language with topic-prominent organization and subjectвЂ“verbвЂ“object (SVO) word order. It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations, Singapore, and Taiwan. 'common tongue')-in linguistics Standard Northern Mandarin or Standard Beijing Mandarin, in common speech inaccurately and simply Mandarin, better qualified as Standard Mandarin, Modern Standard Mandarin or Standard Mandarin Chinese-is the dialect of Mandarin Chinese that emerged as the lingua franca among speakers of Mandarin and other varieties of Chinese ( Hokkien, Cantonese, et cetera) in the 20th century. Standard Chinese ( simplified Chinese: ж™®йЂљиЇќ traditional Chinese: ж™®йЂљи©± pinyin: pЗ”tЕЌnghuГ lit. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.Д¬ommon name in Singapore and Southeast Asia Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. This article contains IPA phonetic symbols.

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